Share Paper: The Relationship between Five Variables in Online, Televised, and f2f Classes—Finding the Threads

1. Tami Al Hazza, Old Dominion University, United States
2. Robin Spruce, Old Dominion University, United States

Abstract: This paper reports the results of a line of research carried out over a period of more than five years examining students’ sense of community, perceived learning, course rigor, student expenditure of effort, and professor characteristics. Relationships between these variables were examined in three learning venues: face-to-face, televised, and online classes. This research suggests perceived learning and sense of community, as found previously, correlate. Additionally, course workload and rigor inherent in professor expectations are related to student perceptions of learning and community spirit. Finally, qualities of professors, characteristics identified from previous research, correlate both with perceived learning and sense of ...