Abstract: This study investigated the effectiveness of using online learning tools to develop competencies for students to complete assigned tasks in a just-in-time learning manner. Formal schooling might not always be effective to transfer knowledge that students need to solve problems in a just-in-time learning manner. Eight graduate students (n=8) from a Midwestern University were sampled, and a qualitative method, including surveys, interviews, and observations, was used to collect data. Findings showed that online learning tools can be viewed as suitable platforms where students gain competencies to complete specific tasks in realistic situations and play a necessary role in developing competencies about information literacy, digital literacy, and media literacy in a just-in-time learning situation. Therefore, there is a need for instructors in higher education to realize the potentials of these learning tools and to understand students' learning preferences.